While the three works that Cézanne exhibited in 1874 at the first Impressionist exhibition were not fully in line with the Impressionist technique of quickly placing appliqués of pigment on the canvas, he did eventually abandon his relatively dark palette in exchange for brilliant tones and began painting out of doors, encouraged by the Impressionist painter Camille Pissarro (1830–1903). This kind of costume piece is reminiscent of Édouard Manet’s Spanish paintings of the 1860s. Dramatic tonal contrasts and thick layers of pigment (often applied with a palette knife) exemplify the vigor with which Cézanne painted during the 1860s, especially apparent in the portrait series of his uncle Dominique Aubert, variously costumed as a lawyer, an artist, and a monk ( 53.140.1 1993.400.1). Beginning to paint in 1860 in his birthplace of Aix-en-Provence and subsequently studying in Paris, Cézanne’s early pictures of romantic and classical themes are imbued with dark colors and executed with an expressive brushwork in the tradition of Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863). Generally categorized as a Post-Impressionist, his unique method of building form with color and his analytical approach to nature influenced the art of Cubists, Fauves, and successive generations of avant-garde artists. One of the most influential artists in the history of modern painting, Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) has inspired generations of artists.
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